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53kkk 大佬不过传的交换机排障捏包黑科技
发布日期：2024-10-17 09:26 点击次数：132
两台Linux劳动器compute2和nj-rack01-06的指定网卡ens4np0和enp101s0np1通过Dell交换机二层互联，况且设立同网段的IP地址，在两个劳动器上折柳指定网口ens4np0和enp101s0np1互ping，着力在两台劳动器上齐历久无法ping通53kkk，接下来将通过捏包来进行问题分析定位。
二、组网架构两台劳动器的ens4np0和enp101s0np1网卡弃取浅薄二层贯穿，组网拓扑图如下所示：
图片
三、收集设立1、compute2收集设立信息[root@compute2 ~]# ip a1: lo: <LOOPBACK，UP，LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: eno3: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP，LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether b0:26:28:ff:c7:5a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff altname enp1s0f0 inet 10.8.13.12/24 brd 10.8.13.255 scope global dynamic eno3 valid_lft 6131sec preferred_lft 6131sec inet6 fe80::b226:28ff:feff:c75a/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever3: eno4: <NO-CARRIER，BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether b0:26:28:ff:c7:5b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff altname enp1s0f14: eno1np0: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether b0:26:28:ff:c7:5c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff altname enp25s0f0np05: eno2np1: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether b0:26:28:ff:c7:5d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff altname enp25s0f1np114: bond2: <NO-CARRIER，BROADCAST，MULTICAST，MASTER，UP> mtu 1600 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 82:94:2d:68:e1:26 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff25: docker0: <NO-CARRIER，BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default link/ether 02:42:ee:5f:4f:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever26: ovs-system: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether e2:ba:b8:a9:7b:23 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff27: mirror0: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP，LOWER_UP> mtu 1400 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether fe:a4:0a:5b:9f:bd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::fca4:aff:fe5b:9fbd/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever28: ovn0: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP，LOWER_UP> mtu 1400 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:00:00:84:fd:41 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 100.64.0.2/16 brd 100.64.255.255 scope global ovn0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::200:ff:fe84:fd41/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever29: genev_sys_6081: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP，LOWER_UP> mtu 65000 qdisc noqueue master ovs-system state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 92:de:04:77:6a:b5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::90de:4ff:fe77:6ab5/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever30: br-int: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1400 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 86:b4:b3:6f:b5:3a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff39: ens1: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 32:14:eb:bd:2a:15 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff altname enp59s040: ens1np0: <NO-CARRIER，BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:15:4d:16:66:d5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff altname enp59s0np041: ens1np1: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:15:4d:16:66:d6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff altname enp59s0np142: eth3: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 92:cd:7a:0b:c7:a0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff43: ens4: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP，LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 06:fc:64:f0:c6:77 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff altname enp175s0 inet6 fe80::4fc:64ff:fef0:c677/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever44: ens4np0: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP，LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:15:4d:16:20:6a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff altname enp175s0np0 inet 10.18.0.12/24 brd 10.18.0.255 scope global ens4np0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::215:4dff:fe16:206a/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever45: ens4np1: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:15:4d:16:20:6b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff altname enp175s0np146: eth4: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP，LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 32:a3:d8:8e:61:a8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::30a3:d8ff:fe8e:61a8/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever48: e12921368e14_h@if47: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP，LOWER_UP> mtu 1400 qdisc noqueue master ovs-system state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 86:0b:13:97:a8:34 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0 inet6 fe80::840b:13ff:fe97:a834/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever50: 8f49fd46cbd7_h@if49: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP，LOWER_UP> mtu 1400 qdisc noqueue master ovs-system state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 26:17:92:7f:c3:62 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1 inet6 fe80::2417:92ff:fe7f:c362/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever51: ens4v0: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP，LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether ca:7b:a7:9b:4d:c7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff altname enp175s0v0 inet6 fe80::c87b:a7ff:fe9b:4dc7/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever52: ens4v1: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP，LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether ea:d9:39:76:3c:72 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff altname enp175s0v1 inet6 fe80::e8d9:39ff:fe76:3c72/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever53: ens4v2: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP，LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether d6:4a:e2:d0:39:c6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff altname enp175s0v2 inet6 fe80::d44a:e2ff:fed0:39c6/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever54: ens4v3: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP，LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether f6:50:c1:82:86:3e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff altname enp175s0v3 inet6 fe80::f450:c1ff:fe82:863e/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever55: nfp_v0.0: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP，LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether ae:ac:45:bf:8f:d7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::acac:45ff:febf:8fd7/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever56: nfp_v0.1: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP，LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 7a:07:8e:22:2c:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::7807:8eff:fe22:2c04/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever57: nfp_v0.2: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP，LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 32:42:eb:73:bb:6f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::3042:ebff:fe73:bb6f/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever58: nfp_v0.3: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP，LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 8e:b0:54:a3:7a:86 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::8cb0:54ff:fea3:7a86/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever由ip a的着力可知，compute2劳动器上ens4np0网口的景色和ip地址信息均平日。
2、nj-rack01-06劳动器收集设立信息：[root@nj-rack01-06 ~]# ip a1: lo: <LOOPBACK，UP，LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: em1: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP，LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 20:04:0f:f2:4a:e8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.8.8.16/24 brd 10.8.8.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute em1 valid_lft 7000sec preferred_lft 7000sec inet6 fe80::5395:4226:33be:a549/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever3: em2: <NO-CARRIER，BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 20:04:0f:f2:4a:e9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff4: em3: <NO-CARRIER，BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 20:04:0f:f2:4a:ea brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff5: em4: <NO-CARRIER，BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 20:04:0f:f2:4a:eb brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff6: enp101s0: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP，LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 62:a5:06:71:9a:f1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::60a5:6ff:fe71:9af1/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever7: enp101s0np0: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:15:4d:16:66:33 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff8: enp101s0np1: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP，LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:15:4d:16:66:34 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.18.0.16/24 brd 10.18.0.255 scope global enp101s0np1 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::215:4dff:fe16:6634/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever9: eth3: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP，LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 5e:79:ac:37:ba:9c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::5c79:acff:fe37:ba9c/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever10: p1p1_0: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 7e:4a:20:8a:7f:6c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff11: p1p1_1: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether fe:6c:db:ae:d4:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff12: p1p1_2: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 5a:0a:6a:3e:57:b2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff13: p1p1_3: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 7e:18:0a:65:82:85 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff14: eth5: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 7e:1c:cf:42:16:cb brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff15: eth6: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 92:f2:db:e7:a8:e1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff16: eth7: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether de:be:1c:ea:e6:b1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff17: eth8: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether ce:86:a0:0e:dd:99 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff18: docker0: <NO-CARRIER，BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default link/ether 02:42:39:be:34:40 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.17.0.1/16 scope global docker0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever19: virbr0: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP，LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:20:20:25 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever20: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:20:20:25 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff21: vnet0: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP，LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether fe:54:00:fa:dc:00 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::fc54:ff:fefa:dc00/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever22: ovs-system: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 82:06:fa:8d:b1:2a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff23: mirror0: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP，LOWER_UP> mtu 1400 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether c2:f5:3b:c9:9f:27 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::c0f5:3bff:fec9:9f27/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever24: ovn0: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP，LOWER_UP> mtu 1400 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:00:00:c8:76:7b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 100.64.0.3/16 brd 100.64.255.255 scope global ovn0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::200:ff:fec8:767b/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever25: genev_sys_6081: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP，LOWER_UP> mtu 65000 qdisc noqueue master ovs-system state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 8a:44:7d:eb:aa:c0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::8844:7dff:feeb:aac0/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever26: br-int: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1400 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether c6:4a:8e:92:8d:42 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff36: cf62c26a92f3_h@if35: <BROADCAST，MULTICAST，UP，LOWER_UP> mtu 1400 qdisc noqueue master ovs-system state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether a6:5e:d5:bf:22:65 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1 inet6 fe80::a45e:d5ff:febf:2265/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
由ip a的着力可知，nj-rack01-06劳动器上enp101s0np1网口的景色和ip地址信息均平日。
四、问题分析1、故障安闲nj-rack01-06劳动器在nj-rack01-06劳动器上通过enp101s0np1网口ping连结的对端网口的地址，情况如下：
[root@nj-rack01-06 ~]# ping -I enp101s0np1 10.18.0.12PING 10.18.0.12 (10.18.0.12) from 10.18.0.16 enp101s0np1: 56(84) bytes of data.^C--- 10.18.0.12 ping statistics ---3 packets transmitted， 0 received， 100% packet loss， time 2076mscompute2劳动器在compute2劳动器上通过ens4np0网口ping连结的对端网口的地址，情况如下：
[root@compute2 ~]# ping -I ens4np0 10.18.0.16PING 10.18.0.16 (10.18.0.16) from 10.18.0.12 ens4np0: 56(84) bytes of data.^C--- 10.18.0.16 ping statistics ---161 packets transmitted， 0 received， 100% packet loss， time 163856mspipe 4
把柄上述着力可知，在两台劳动器上的指定网卡ping齐无法ping通对端；接下来以compute2劳动器上的安闲来进行分析，最初在compute2劳动器上进行捏包检察包是否已发送出去，如下：
[root@compute2 ~]# tcpdump -i ens4np0 -nevvvdropped privs to tcpdumptcpdump: listening on ens4np0， link-type EN10MB (Ethernet)， capture size 262144 bytes16:29:05.644390 00:15:4d:16:20:6a > Broadcast， ethertype ARP (0x0806)， length 42: Ethernet (len 6)， IPv4 (len 4)， Request who-has 10.18.0.16 tell 10.18.0.12， length 2816:29:06.704807 00:15:4d:16:20:6a > Broadcast， ethertype ARP (0x0806)， length 42: Ethernet (len 6)， IPv4 (len 4)， Request who-has 10.18.0.16 tell 10.18.0.12， length 2816:29:07.728773 00:15:4d:16:20:6a > Broadcast， ethertype ARP (0x0806)， length 42: Ethernet (len 6)， IPv4 (len 4)， Request who-has 10.18.0.16 tell 10.18.0.12， length 2816:29:09.729959 00:15:4d:16:20:6a > Broadcast， ethertype ARP (0x0806)， length 42: Ethernet (len 6)， IPv4 (len 4)， Request who-has 10.18.0.16 tell 10.18.0.12， length 28^C把柄捏包报文可知，compute2劳动器的收集条约栈还是将arp肯求报文发出53kkk，接下来检察对端劳动器是否收到arp肯求报文，如下：
[root@nj-rack01-06 ~]# tcpdump -i enp101s0np1 -e -ntcpdump: verbose output suppressed， use -v or -vv for full protocol decodelistening on enp101s0np1， link-type EN10MB (Ethernet)， capture size 262144 bytes15:30:00.449732 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:a3 > 01:80:c2:00:00:0e， ethertype LLDP (0x88cc)， length 414: LLDP， length 400: nj-dell-switch.nji.corigine.com15:30:30.451960 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:a3 > 01:80:c2:00:00:0e， ethertype LLDP (0x88cc)， length 396: LLDP， length 382: nj-dell-switch.nji.corigine.com15:31:00.454307 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:a3 > 01:80:c2:00:00:0e， ethertype LLDP (0x88cc)， length 414: LLDP， length 400: nj-dell-switch.nji.corigine.com^C
把柄上述捏包着力可知，nj-rack01-06劳动器上未收到对端劳动器的arp肯求报文。因此猜测可能是交换机出现了问题，因此，接下来需要检察交换机上端口是否平日，是否能平日转发arp报文。
nj-dell-switch# show interface status--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Port Description Status Speed Duplex Mode Vlan Tagged-Vlans--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Eth 1/1/1 down 0 full T 93 103，105Eth 1/1/2 down 0 full T 93 103，105Eth 1/1/3 up 25G full A 66 -Eth 1/1/4 down 0 full A 66 -Eth 1/1/5:1 down 0 full A 5 -Eth 1/1/6:1 down 0 full A 5 -Eth 1/1/7:1 down 0 full A 5 -Eth 1/1/8:1 down 0 full A 5 -Eth 1/1/9:1 down 0 full A 100 -Eth 1/1/10:1 up 10G full A 66 -Eth 1/1/11:1 down 0 full A 100 -Eth 1/1/12:1 down 0 full A 66 -Eth 1/1/13 down 0 full A 5 -Eth 1/1/14 down 0 full A 5 -Eth 1/1/15 down 0 full A 5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------由上可知，交换机贯穿的劳动器的两个接口景色均是up的，况且同处于一个vlan 66中.接下来再检察一下mac地址转发表是否平日，如下：
nj-dell-switch# show mac address-tableVlanId Mac Address Type Interface66 22:15:4d:16:66:34 dynamic ethernet1/1/3nj-dell-switch#2、故障分析
通过mac地址转发表可知，交换机只学习到了和ethernet1/1接口贯穿的网卡的mac地址，而未学习到与ethernet1/1/10:1接口贯穿的网卡的mac地址。至于原因，不知所以，此时就需要搞分解为什么交换机莫得学习到与ethernet1/1/10:1接口贯穿的网卡的mac地址。因此决定在交换机上进行捏包，从而信托交换机是否收到收集报文。
往来去讲，交换机上捏包，收集上的博文一般齐会告诉你通过镜像捏包的形势，关联词浅薄看了一下镜像捏包的博文，看起来就很缺乏，而且我所使用的Dell交换机在收集上尊府少量，基本搜不到扎眼的镜像捏包的消释表率。此时，便抱着试试的心态，乞助其他大佬，大佬很谦善，告诉我他还是很久莫得搞过交换机了，关联词依然很包涵的帮我看了一下，一手操作，险些秀翻我，接下来通盘观赏他的骚操作。
nj-dell-switch# show interface ethernet 1/1/10:1Ethernet 1/1/10:1 is up， line protocol is upHardware is Eth， address is 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:aa Current address is 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:aaPluggable media present， SFP28 type is SFP28 25GBASE-SR Wavelength is 850 Receive power reading is -1.988708 dBmInterface index is 23Internet address is not setMode of IPv4 Address Assignment: not setInterface IPv6 oper status: DisabledMTU 1532 bytes， IP MTU 1500 bytesLineSpeed 10G， Auto-Negotiation offFlowcontrol rx off tx offARP type: ARPA， ARP Timeout: 60Last clearing of 'show interface' counters: 7 weeks 2 days 08:41:05Queuing strategy: fifoInput statistics: 178525367 packets， 11432189964 octets 178454818 64-byte pkts， 14780 over 64-byte pkts， 51913 over 127-byte pkts 3855 over 255-byte pkts， 0 over 511-byte pkts， 1 over 1023-byte pkts 66 Multicasts， 11799 Broadcasts， 70959 Unicasts 0 runts， 4 giants， 178442543 throttles 0 CRC， 0 overrun， 4 discardedOutput statistics: 202637 packets， 102558633 octets 75004 64-byte pkts， 16167 over 64-byte pkts， 29153 over 127-byte pkts 22923 over 255-byte pkts， 7004 over 511-byte pkts， 52386 over 1023-byte pkts 17650 Multicasts， 57789 Broadcasts， 127198 Unicasts 0 throttles， 0 discarded， 0 Collisions， wred dropsRate Info(interval seconds): Input 0 Mbits/sec， 454 packets/sec， 0% of line rate Output 0 Mbits/sec， 1 packets/sec， 0% of line rateTime since last interface status change: 00:22:59 nj-dell-switch# show interface ethernet 1/1/10:1Ethernet 1/1/10:1 is up， line protocol is upHardware is Eth， address is 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:aa Current address is 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:aaPluggable media present， SFP28 type is SFP28 25GBASE-SR Wavelength is 850 Receive power reading is -1.991455 dBmInterface index is 23Internet address is not setMode of IPv4 Address Assignment: not setInterface IPv6 oper status: DisabledMTU 1532 bytes， IP MTU 1500 bytesLineSpeed 10G， Auto-Negotiation offFlowcontrol rx off tx offARP type: ARPA， ARP Timeout: 60Last clearing of 'show interface' counters: 7 weeks 2 days 08:41:54Queuing strategy: fifoInput statistics: 178548095 packets， 11433644556 octets 178477546 64-byte pkts， 14780 over 64-byte pkts， 51913 over 127-byte pkts 3855 over 255-byte pkts， 0 over 511-byte pkts， 1 over 1023-byte pkts 66 Multicasts， 11799 Broadcasts， 70959 Unicasts 0 runts， 4 giants， 178465271 throttles 0 CRC， 0 overrun， 4 discardedOutput statistics: 202688 packets， 102562941 octets 75052 64-byte pkts， 16167 over 64-byte pkts， 29153 over 127-byte pkts 22926 over 255-byte pkts， 7004 over 511-byte pkts， 52386 over 1023-byte pkts 17653 Multicasts， 57837 Broadcasts， 127198 Unicasts 0 throttles， 0 discarded， 0 Collisions， wred dropsRate Info(interval seconds): Input 0 Mbits/sec， 378 packets/sec， 0% of line rate Output 0 Mbits/sec， 0 packets/sec， 0% of line rateTime since last interface status change: 00:23:48 nj-dell-switch# show interface ethernet 1/1/10:1Ethernet 1/1/10:1 is up， line protocol is upHardware is Eth， address is 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:aa Current address is 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:aaPluggable media present， SFP28 type is SFP28 25GBASE-SR Wavelength is 850 Receive power reading is -1.991455 dBmInterface index is 23Internet address is not setMode of IPv4 Address Assignment: not setInterface IPv6 oper status: DisabledMTU 1532 bytes， IP MTU 1500 bytesLineSpeed 10G， Auto-Negotiation offFlowcontrol rx off tx offARP type: ARPA， ARP Timeout: 60Last clearing of 'show interface' counters: 7 weeks 2 days 08:43:17Queuing strategy: fifoInput statistics: 178584469 packets， 11435972492 octets 178513920 64-byte pkts， 14780 over 64-byte pkts， 51913 over 127-byte pkts 3855 over 255-byte pkts， 0 over 511-byte pkts， 1 over 1023-byte pkts 66 Multicasts， 11799 Broadcasts， 70959 Unicasts 0 runts， 4 giants， 178501645 throttles 0 CRC， 0 overrun， 4 discardedOutput statistics: 202770 packets， 102569233 octets 75131 64-byte pkts， 16167 over 64-byte pkts， 29153 over 127-byte pkts 22929 over 255-byte pkts， 7004 over 511-byte pkts， 52386 over 1023-byte pkts 17656 Multicasts， 57916 Broadcasts， 127198 Unicasts 0 throttles， 0 discarded， 0 Collisions， wred dropsRate Info(interval seconds): Input 0 Mbits/sec， 454 packets/sec， 0% of line rate Output 0 Mbits/sec， 1 packets/sec， 0% of line rateTime since last interface status change: 00:25:11因为ethernet1/1/10:1接口未学习到mac地址，因此屡次检察该接口的景色，发现入向throttles统计的值一直在不竭的增多，该统计值的意念念是“节流或扼制”；交换机流量过载会触发该节流操作，其数值示意端口上的经受器被禁用的次数，持续的查找缔造的MAC地址的过载流量导致其发生，短时老实无法经受任何新的数据包，因此决定捏包阐发一下。
大佬告诉我交换机有一种Linux形式，不错切换到该形式下，径直使用tcpdump进行端口捏包。听到这我顿时目前一亮，竟然还有这么的骚(黑)操(科)作(技)！只见他径直就在交换机上切换到Linux形式，运行一系列操作：
蝴蝶谷中文娱乐#在交换机上使用ifconfig敕令检察两个接口所属vlan66所对应的网桥，正本交换机上是通过网桥的形势达成的vlannj-dell-switch# system 'ifconfig'bo1: flags=5123<UP，BROADCAST，MASTER，MULTICAST> mtu 1568 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1ba prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:ba txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 5 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0bo2: flags=5123<UP，BROADCAST，MASTER，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 6.6.6.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 6.6.6.255 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1bb prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:bb txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 3 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0bo3: flags=5123<UP，BROADCAST，MASTER，MULTICAST> mtu 1568 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1bc prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:bc txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 4 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0bo4: flags=5123<UP，BROADCAST，MASTER，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1bd prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:bd txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 2 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0bo5: flags=5123<UP，BROADCAST，MASTER，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 5.5.5.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 5.5.5.255 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1be prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:be txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 2 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0bo1.555: flags=4099<UP，BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:ba txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0bo3.888: flags=4099<UP，BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:bc txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0br1: flags=4355<UP，BROADCAST，PROMISC，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1d1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:d1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0br2: flags=4355<UP，BROADCAST，PROMISC，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1d1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:d1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0br3: flags=4355<UP，BROADCAST，PROMISC，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1d1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:d1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0br4: flags=4355<UP，BROADCAST，PROMISC，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1d1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:d1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0br5: flags=4355<UP，BROADCAST，PROMISC，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1d1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:d1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 590 bytes 38612 (37.7 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 1205 bytes 110594 (108.0 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0br66: flags=4419<UP，BROADCAST，RUNNING，PROMISC，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1d1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:d1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 154750 bytes 7761460 (7.4 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 5146 bytes 459568 (448.7 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0br93: flags=4355<UP，BROADCAST，PROMISC，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1d1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:d1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 7 bytes 452 (452.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 24 bytes 2728 (2.6 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0br100: flags=4355<UP，BROADCAST，PROMISC，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1d1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:d1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 113 bytes 7136 (6.9 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 78 bytes 7116 (6.9 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0br103: flags=4355<UP，BROADCAST，PROMISC，MULTICAST> mtu 9184 inet 12.8.8.200 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 12.8.8.255 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1d1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:d1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 18 bytes 2148 (2.0 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0br105: flags=4355<UP，BROADCAST，PROMISC，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1d1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:d1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 19 bytes 2278 (2.2 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0br111: flags=4355<UP，BROADCAST，PROMISC，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1d1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:d1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0br112: flags=4355<UP，BROADCAST，PROMISC，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 12.12.12.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 12.12.12.255 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1d1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:d1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0br123: flags=4355<UP，BROADCAST，PROMISC，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1d1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:d1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0br135: flags=4355<UP，BROADCAST，PROMISC，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1d1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:d1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0br222: flags=4355<UP，BROADCAST，PROMISC，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1d1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:d1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0br246: flags=4355<UP，BROADCAST，PROMISC，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1d1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1d1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:d1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0br555: flags=4355<UP，BROADCAST，PROMISC，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1d1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:d1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0br888: flags=4355<UP，BROADCAST，PROMISC，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1d1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:d1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0br3055: flags=4355<UP，BROADCAST，PROMISC，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1d1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:d1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0e101-001-0: flags=4099<UP，BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 9184 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1a1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:a1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0e101-001-0.103: flags=4099<UP，BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 9184 ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:a1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0e101-001-0.105: flags=4099<UP，BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:a1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0e101-002-0: flags=4099<UP，BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 9184 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1a2 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:a2 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0e101-002-0.103: flags=4099<UP，BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 9184 ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:a2 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0e101-002-0.105: flags=4099<UP，BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:a2 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0e101-003-0: flags=4163<UP，BROADCAST，RUNNING，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1a3 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:a3 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 100517 bytes 6448390 (6.1 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 41414 bytes 16157928 (15.4 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 82 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0e101-004-0: flags=4099<UP，BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1a4 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:a4 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 51163 bytes 4662460 (4.4 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 8756 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 19779 bytes 7863844 (7.4 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 2 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0e101-005-1: flags=4099<UP，BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::c0e3:b6ff:fe13:ef15 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1a5 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:a5 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0e101-006-1: flags=4099<UP，BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::48b1:c4ff:fe53:f38b prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1a6 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:a6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0e101-007-1: flags=4099<UP，BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1a7 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:a7 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 783 bytes 112048 (109.4 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 686 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 568 bytes 204976 (200.1 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0e101-008-1: flags=4099<UP，BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1a8 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> inet6 fe80::d8af:76ff:feaf:18aa prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:a8 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 21218 bytes 3182748 (3.0 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 20757 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 11030 bytes 4292132 (4.0 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 1 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0e101-009-1: flags=4099<UP，BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1a9 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:a9 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 319 bytes 44574 (43.5 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 274 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 223 bytes 71226 (69.5 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 10 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0e101-010-1: flags=4163<UP，BROADCAST，RUNNING，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1aa prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:aa txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 12276 bytes 785716 (767.3 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 16846 bytes 6830524 (6.5 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 18 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0e101-011-1: flags=4099<UP，BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1ab prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:ab txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 5616 bytes 827516 (808.1 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 5330 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 2896 bytes 1128536 (1.0 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0e101-012-1: flags=4099<UP，BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1ac prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:ac txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 2973 bytes 196128 (191.5 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 13306 bytes 5271746 (5.0 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 1 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0e101-013-0: flags=4099<UP，BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1ad prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:ad txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0e101-014-0: flags=4099<UP，BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1ae prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:ae txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0e101-015-0: flags=4099<UP，BROADCAST，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1af prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:af txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0eth0: flags=4163<UP，BROADCAST，RUNNING，MULTICAST> mtu 1468 inet 10.8.8.49 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.8.8.255 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1a0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:a0 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 2131062 bytes 191899479 (183.0 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 1980745 bytes 171880577 (163.9 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 device memory 0xdfe00000-dfe7fffflo: flags=73<UP，LOOPBACK，RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> inet6 fe80::200:ff:fe00:0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback) RX packets 1108153681 bytes 103323200462 (96.2 GiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 1108153681 bytes 103323200462 (96.2 GiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0vn123: flags=4355<UP，BROADCAST，PROMISC，MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::e29:efff:febf:b1d3 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:d3 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 #径直使用brctl网桥领导检察网桥上的接口nj-dell-switch# system 'brctl show br66'bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfacesbr66 8000.0c29efbfb1d1 no e101-003-0 e101-004-0 e101-010-1 e101-012-1 #使用brctl help领导检察brctl的其他领导奈何使用nj-dell-switch# system 'brctl help'never heard of command [help]Usage: brctl [commands]commands: addbr <bridge> add bridge delbr <bridge> delete bridge addif <bridge> <device> add interface to bridge delif <bridge> <device> delete interface from bridge hairpin <bridge> <port> {on|off} turn hairpin on/off setageing <bridge> <time> set ageing time setbridgeprio <bridge> <prio> set bridge priority setfd <bridge> <time> set bridge forward delay sethello <bridge> <time> set hello time setmaxage <bridge> <time> set max message age setpathcost <bridge> <port> <cost> set path cost setportprio <bridge> <port> <prio> set port priority show [ <bridge> ] show a list of bridges showmacs <bridge> show a list of mac addrs showstp <bridge> show bridge stp info stp <bridge> {on|off} turn stp on/off%Error: while executing(system).Ret val[1]. #检察br66网桥上的mac地址，发现未学习到compute2劳动器上ens4np0网口的mac地址nj-dell-switch# system 'brctl showmacs br66'port no mac addr is local? ageing timer 1 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:a3 yes 0.00 1 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:a3 yes 0.00 3 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:a4 yes 0.00 3 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:a4 yes 0.00 4 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:aa yes 0.00 4 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:aa yes 0.00 2 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:ac yes 0.00 2 0c:29:ef:bf:b1:ac yes 0.00 1 22:15:4d:16:66:34 no 0.77 #通过sudo tcpdump径直在br66网桥上捏包，必须加sudo，不然会报操作不允许的伪善nj-dell-switch# system 'tcpdump -i br66'tcpdump: br66: You don't have permission to capture on that device(socket: Operation not permitted)%Error: while executing(system).Ret val[1]. nj-dell-switch# system 'sudo tcpdump -i br66'[sudo] password for admin:tcpdump: verbose output suppressed， use -v or -vv for full protocol decodelistening on br66， link-type EN10MB (Ethernet)， capture size 262144 bytes16:26:42.997761 ARP， Request who-has 10.18.0.12 tell 10.18.0.16， length 5016:26:44.021806 ARP， Request who-has 10.18.0.12 tell 10.18.0.16， length 5016:26:45.045766 ARP， Request who-has 10.18.0.12 tell 10.18.0.16， length 5016:26:46.070754 ARP， Request who-has 10.18.0.12 tell 10.18.0.16， length 5016:26:47.093782 ARP， Request who-has 10.18.0.12 tell 10.18.0.16， length 5016:26:48.117703 ARP， Request who-has 10.18.0.12 tell 10.18.0.16， length 5016:26:49.141717 ARP， Request who-has 10.18.0.12 tell 10.18.0.16， length 5016:26:50.165738 ARP， Request who-has 10.18.0.12 tell 10.18.0.16， length 50^C #检察有几个接口处于vlan 66下nj-dell-switch# show vlanCodes: * - Default VLAN， M - Management VLAN， R - Remote Port Mirroring VLANs， @ – Attached to Virtual NetworkQ: A - Access (Untagged)， T - Tagged NUM Status Description Q Ports 1 Inactive 2 Inactive 3 Inactive 4 Inactive* 5 Inactive A Eth1/1/5:1，1/1/6:1，1/1/7:1，1/1/8:1，1/1/13-1/1/15 A Po1，3 66 Active A Eth1/1/3-1/1/4，1/1/10:1，1/1/12:1 93 Inactive A Eth1/1/1-1/1/2 100 Inactive A Eth1/1/9:1，1/1/11:1 103 Inactive T Eth1/1/1-1/1/2 105 Inactive T Eth1/1/1-1/1/2 111 Inactive 112 Inactive 123 Inactive 135 Inactive 222 Inactive 246 Inactive 555 Inactive T Po1 888 Inactive T Po3nj-dell-switch# system 'brctl showstp br66'br66 bridge id 8000.0c29efbfb1d1 designated root 8000.0c29efbfb1d1 root port 0 path cost 0 max age 20.00 bridge max age 20.00 hello time 2.00 bridge hello time 2.00 forward delay 15.00 bridge forward delay 15.00 ageing time 1800.00 hello timer 0.00 tcn timer 0.00 topology change timer 0.00 gc timer 393.92 flagse101-003-0 (1) port id 8001 state forwarding designated root 8000.0c29efbfb1d1 path cost 100 designated bridge 8000.0c29efbfb1d1 message age timer 0.00 designated port 8001 forward delay timer 0.00 designated cost 0 hold timer 0.00 flagse101-004-0 (3) port id 8003 state disabled designated root 8000.0c29efbfb1d1 path cost 100 designated bridge 8000.0c29efbfb1d1 message age timer 0.00 designated port 8003 forward delay timer 0.00 designated cost 0 hold timer 0.00 flagse101-010-1 (4) port id 8004 state forwarding designated root 8000.0c29efbfb1d1 path cost 100 designated bridge 8000.0c29efbfb1d1 message age timer 0.00 designated port 8004 forward delay timer 0.00 designated cost 0 hold timer 0.00 flagse101-012-1 (2) port id 8002 state disabled designated root 8000.0c29efbfb1d1 path cost 100 designated bridge 8000.0c29efbfb1d1 message age timer 0.00 designated port 8002 forward delay timer 0.00 designated cost 0 hold timer 0.00 flagsSTP（Spanning Tree Protocol）是一个用于局域网中排斥环路的条约，它的模范是IEEE 802.1D。STP通过将部分冗余链路强制为壅塞景色，其他链路处于转发景色，将环形收集结构修剪成无环路的树形收集结构，可达成排斥环路。当处于转发景色的链路不行用时，STP再行设立收集，并激活合乎的备用链路景色，规复规复收集连通性。
在一个复杂的收集环境中，由于冗余备份的需要，收集筹算者齐倾向于在缔造之间部署多条物理链路，其中一条作东用链路，其他链路作备份，就怕或势必中齐会导致环路产生。环路会产生播送风暴，最终导致整个收集资源被消耗，收集瘫痪不行用。环路还会引起MAC地址表震憾导致MAC地址表项被杂乱。
STP技能不错灵验的科罚环路问题，将互相交互信息发现收集会的环路，将部分冗余链路强制为壅塞景色，其他链路处于转发景色。最终将环形收集结构修剪成无环路的树形收集结构，从而退守报文在环形收集会延续增生和无穷轮回，幸免缔造由于重迭经受相通的报文形成处理身手着落。
由show interface status领导着力可知，Eth1/1/3接口贯穿nj-rack01-06劳动器上enp101s0np1网口，由brctl show br66领导可知，br66桥上的e101-003-0接口即对应交换机的Eth1/1/3接口，因此在e101-003-0接口捏包，即即是在Eth1/1/3接口捏包。如下：
nj-dell-switch# system 'sudo tcpdump -i e101-003-0'tcpdump: verbose output suppressed， use -v or -vv for full protocol decodelistening on e101-003-0， link-type EN10MB (Ethernet)， capture size 262144 bytes16:28:47.900070 ARP， Request who-has 10.18.0.12 tell 10.18.0.16， length 5016:28:48.948548 ARP， Request who-has 10.18.0.12 tell 10.18.0.16， length 5016:28:49.972517 ARP， Request who-has 10.18.0.12 tell 10.18.0.16， length 5016:28:50.996668 ARP， Request who-has 10.18.0.12 tell 10.18.0.16， length 5016:28:52.020531 ARP， Request who-has 10.18.0.12 tell 10.18.0.16， length 5016:28:53.044518 ARP， Request who-has 10.18.0.12 tell 10.18.0.16， length 50^C由上述着力，可知，交换机上大约收到nj-rack01-06劳动器上enp101s0np1网口发来的arp肯求包，是以交换机上的mac转发表有enp101s0np1网口的mac地址；让咱们再在e101-010-1 接口捏包，也即是在Eth1/1/10:1 接口捏包，如下：
nj-dell-switch# system 'sudo tcpdump -i e101-010-1'tcpdump: verbose output suppressed， use -v or -vv for full protocol decodelistening on e101-010-1， link-type EN10MB (Ethernet)， capture size 262144 bytes^C0 packets captured0 packets received by filter0 packets dropped by kernel%Error: while executing(system).Ret val[0].nj-dell-switch#
由上述着力可知，交换机该接口莫得收集报文，连合前边throttles的数值的延续增多，可知该接口因持续的收到查找缔造MAC地址的报文，导致该接口输入队伍持续过载，从而触发节流操作，无法再经受新的报文。因此在交换机该接口无法再捏到任何报文，compute2劳动器上ens4np0网口无法捏到对端发来的arp肯求报文也印证了这一丝。
为什么会导致该接口输入队伍持续过载？因为持续的收到查找缔造MAC地址的报文。为什么会持续的收到找缔造MAC地址的报文？因此猜测可能是贯穿该交换机端口的缔造格外，导致无法反应查找MAC地址的报文。因此，运行搜检和该交换机端口贯穿的收集缔造是否格外，如下：
[root@compute2 lxy]# ethtool -S ens4np0NIC statistics: mac.rx_octets: 2441345 mac.rx_frame_too_long_errors: 0 mac.rx_range_length_errors: 0 mac.rx_vlan_received_ok: 0 mac.rx_errors: 0 mac.rx_broadcast_pkts: 16200 mac.rx_drop_events: 0 mac.rx_alignment_errors: 0 mac.rx_pause_mac_ctrl_frames: 0 mac.rx_frames_received_ok: 19943 mac.rx_frame_check_sequence_err: 0 mac.rx_unicast_pkts: 55 mac.rx_multicast_pkts: 3688 mac.rx_pkts: 19943 mac.rx_undersize_pkts: 0 mac.rx_pkts_64_octets: 16216 mac.rx_pkts_65_to_127_octets: 427 mac.rx_pkts_128_to_255_octets: 29 mac.rx_pkts_256_to_511_octets: 3270 mac.rx_pkts_512_to_1023_octets: 0 mac.rx_pkts_1024_to_1518_octets: 1 mac.rx_pkts_1519_to_max_octets: 0 mac.rx_jabbers: 0 mac.rx_fragments: 0 mac.rx_oversize_pkts: 0 mac.rx_pause_frames_class0: 0 mac.rx_pause_frames_class1: 0 mac.rx_pause_frames_class2: 0 mac.rx_pause_frames_class3: 0 mac.rx_pause_frames_class4: 0 mac.rx_pause_frames_class5: 0 mac.rx_pause_frames_class6: 0 mac.rx_pause_frames_class7: 0 mac.rx_mac_ctrl_frames_received: 0 mac.rx_mac_head_drop: 19252 mac.tx_queue_drop: 0 mac.tx_octets: 2188771300 mac.tx_vlan_transmitted_ok: 0 mac.tx_errors: 1 mac.tx_broadcast_pkts: 7 mac.tx_pause_mac_ctrl_frames: 34199164 mac.tx_frames_transmitted_ok: 34199209 mac.tx_unicast_pkts: 37 mac.tx_multicast_pkts: 1 mac.tx_pkts_64_octets: 34199172 mac.tx_pkts_65_to_127_octets: 2 mac.tx_pkts_128_to_255_octets: 23 mac.tx_pkts_256_to_511_octets: 12 mac.tx_pkts_512_to_1023_octets: 0 mac.tx_pkts_1024_to_1518_octets: 0 mac.tx_pkts_1519_to_max_octets: 1 mac.tx_pause_frames_class0: 0 mac.tx_pause_frames_class1: 0 mac.tx_pause_frames_class2: 0 mac.tx_pause_frames_class3: 0 mac.tx_pause_frames_class4: 0 mac.tx_pause_frames_class5: 0 mac.tx_pause_frames_class6: 0 mac.tx_pause_frames_class7: 0通过ethtool器具检察该收集缔造的统计信息，rx_mac_head_drop统计值显著格外，可知网卡无法处理mac报文头从而丢掉。再检察dmesg信息，如下：
[root@compute2 ~]# dmesg | tail [44688.426342] nfp 0000:af:00.0: nfp: Reading media link modes not supported. Please update flash[44688.630940] nfp 0000:af:00.0 ens4: TX watchdog timeout on ring: 4[44694.774418] nfp 0000:af:00.0 ens4: TX watchdog timeout on ring: 4[44700.405916] nfp 0000:af:00.0 ens4: TX watchdog timeout on ring: 4[44705.525421] nfp 0000:af:00.0 ens4: TX watchdog timeout on ring: 4[44710.644983] nfp 0000:af:00.0 ens4: TX watchdog timeout on ring: 4[44716.789408] nfp 0000:af:00.0 ens4: TX watchdog timeout on ring: 4[44722.419914] nfp 0000:af:00.0 ens4: TX watchdog timeout on ring: 4[44727.539463] nfp 0000:af:00.0 ens4: TX watchdog timeout on ring: 4[44732.659012] nfp 0000:af:00.0 ens4: TX watchdog timeout on ring: 4
到此，终于知谈问题场所了，正本是网卡的固件和BSP格外，使用23.04版块更新固件和BSP版块；加载得手之后，重启主机，再次设立收集信息后，收集终于通了，如下：
[root@compute2 ~]# ping -I ens4np0 10.18.0.16PING 10.18.0.16 (10.18.0.16) from 10.18.0.12 ens4np0: 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from 10.18.0.16: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.293 ms64 bytes from 10.18.0.16: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.312 ms^C问题终于科罚了，险些太阻止易了，这个问题困扰了小编好久，没猜度被大佬三下五除二就科罚了，大佬不愧是大佬，即是强。
检察交换机上的MAC转发表，如下：
nj-dell-switch# show mac address-tableVlanId Mac Address Type Interface66 00:15:4d:16:20:6a dynamic ethernet1/1/10:166 00:15:4d:16:66:34 dynamic ethernet1/1/3
交换机也能平日学习到mac了。
五、回顾本文通过一个浅薄的二层流量欠亨的小例子，考验流量欠亨的排障表率，包括劳动器网卡捏包、交换机接口捏包等操作。其中，交换机通过tcpdump器具捏包不得不说是一个黑科技，第一次知谈交换机还不错这么玩，小编一直观得交换机捏包只可通过端口镜像操作，有点刷新了小编对交换机的领略。我信托其他厂家的交换机应该也有这种神操作，表率未必裕如雷同53kkk，关联词通过tcpdump捏包的神迹应该齐具备，群众感兴趣的不错去试一下。
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